On my opening page is a verse from Psalm 104 in the Jerusalem Bible.  Allow me to share with you why it is so decisive for me.  But first, here is the complete Psalm, which may make it obvious. 

Bless Yahweh, my soul.  Yahweh my God, how great you are!
Clothed in majesty and glory, wrapped in a robe of light!
You stretch the heavens out like a tent, you build your palace on the waters above; 
Using the clouds as your chariot, you advance on the wings of the wind; 
You use the winds as messengers and fiery flames as servants.
You fixed the earth on its foundations, unshakable for ever and ever; 
You wrapped it with the deep as with a robe, the waters overtopping the mountains.
At your reproof the waters took to flight, they fled at the sound of your thunder,
Cascading over the mountains, into the valleys, down to the reservoir you made for them; 
You imposed the limits they must never cross again, or they would once more flood the land.
You set springs gushing in ravines, running down between the mountains,
Supplying water for wild animals, attracting the thirsty wild donkeys, 
Near there the birds of the air make their nests and sing among the branches.
From your palace you water the uplands until the ground has had all that your heavens have to offer, 
You make fresh grass grow for cattle and those plants made use of by man, 
for them to get food from the soil: wine to make them cheerful
oil to make them happy and bread to make them strong. 
The trees of Yahweh get rain enough, those cedars of Lebanon he planted, 
Here the little birds build their nests and, on the highest branches, the stork has its home.
For the wild goats there are the mountains, in the crags rock badgers hide. 
You made the moon to tell the seasons, the sun knows when to set; 
You bring darkness on, night falls, all the forest animals come out: 
Savage lions roaring for their prey, claiming their food from God.
The sun rises, they retire, going back to lie down in their lairs
And man goes out to work, and to labor until dusk.
Yahweh, what variety you have created, arranging everything so wisely!
Earth is completely full of things you have made: 
Among them vast expanse of ocean teeming with countless creatures,
Creatures large and small, with the ships going to and fro
And Leviathan whom you made to amuse you.
All creatures depend on you to feed them through the year;
You provide the food they eat, with generous hand you satisfy their hunger.
You turn your face away, they suffer, you stop their breath, they die and revert to dust.
You give breath, fresh life begins, you keep renewing the world.

Glory for ever to Yahweh! May Yahweh find joy in what he creates,
at whose glance the earth trembles, at whose touch the mountains smoke!
I mean to sing to Yahweh all my life, I mean to play for my God as long as I live.
May these reflections of mine give him pleasure, as much as Yahweh gives me!
May sinners vanish from the earth and the wicked exist no more!
Bless Yahweh, my soul.

      Ever since I saw this translation of Ps 104, I was hooked.  In lively, poetic language it invites you to see all the wonders and terrors of creation. In its variety and wise order, “Earth is completely full of things you have made.”(v. 24)  At times Ps. 104 brings to mind Gen 1, though my hunch is that the Psalm came first, since it is more poetic, less formal and shows less interest in logical order. It also avoids the sweetness of Walt Disney and refuses to gloss over instances of nature in tooth and claw.  Our life, suffering, or death are placed in dependence of the God who gives or stops the breath of all living things. There is no apology or retreat from that cluster of affirmations so essential to the Jewish world view:  All things are created by God and they display wondrous variety and order.  There is no attempt to cover up frightening stuff or only talk about what we might think is the good stuff.  And, this is interesting, what was once created continues to exist only by the sustaining power of God.  The world is not a wind up clock.  God is not beyond the world, uninvolved or unaffected by what happens.  Finally, this is our intended home. We are not to long for a spiritual existence void of work or physical sufferings.  We are a part of this world, capable of rejoicing in God, just as God rejoices in the wonders of creation.

      Ps. 104 is in the form of dramatic poetry with wonder filled images.  Can such metaphorical images be a basis for descriptions of God, the world and human life? In my life time, one school of thought has insisted that the Hebrew mind was simply not interested in what we would call the nature of things, especially in terms of philosophical analysis.  This meant that the Hebrew Bible was interested in the history and the salvation of Israel but not discussing God or the world in technical terms.  Now, the issue here is not the use of poetry or metaphorical language, since both forms of speech might convey something to be true in a descriptive way.  For example, liberals object to Gen. 1-2 as a literal account of creation not because it uses poetry but because it does not accord with our view of the created order.  So what are we to do with Ps. 104? 

      Some might be put off by the suggestion that the world is surrounded by water—an image which reappears in the flood story of Noah, where the flood occurs because the waters of the deep rise to cover everything.  Or, were the large sea monsters (Leviathan) really created to amuse God?  Or again, one might ask why there is no rationale for giving or taking away the breath of life: are we at the mercy of divine whims or is there some clear purpose to the divine providence?  These are legitimate questions and we should note that they assume that poetry in praise of God can convey descriptions of God and the world.

      For myself, I have never been convinced that material like Ps. 104 speaks only to the heart and makes no claims about God or the world. The Psalms affirmed God the creator of all things and that humans were created for life with one another, nature and God.  That such affirmations are embedded in poetic language of praise only makes them more powerful, since they are statements about God and the world bound up with faith and love toward one another and God.

      If, on the other hand, the Psalms do not give us statements about God and the world, then a different kind of problem is created.  Where are we going to find descriptions of God and the world to fill in the picture?  If you know Christian history and theology, you are probably laughing.  In an effort to give the Psalms a surer foundation, Christians in every age have borrowed language to fill in the void in the hope of giving the Psalms a surer foundation.  Too often, they turned to Greek philosophy, which relies on the sharp distinction between the real and unreal, the infinite and finite, the spiritual and physical.  For example, the great debate over the Trinity basically was a clash between Platonic versus Biblical assumptions regarding God.  Could the Infinite God, who created all things actually enter this world of finitude and fallen creatures.  Arius said No, and Athanasius said Yes.  The modern variation on such a view is the attempt to protect the majesty of God from the way God is portrayed in this Psalm.  God is the absolute and infinite, is above and beyond the created world, does not need to be entertained by monsters in the sea, nor is God willing to get involved in the complications of this messy world.  God created everything but now lets it run and is watching, as the song says, from a distance.   

      At other times, elements from non-Christian views crept into the church to compromise the Psalmist’s perspective.  In the early church opposition came from Gnosticism, which held that this world is fallen, prone to decay and death.  The solution is to escape to the ideal realm of truth and light. This is made possible by the secret knowledge given by a divine messenger.  The world is not our home but the problem.  The other great option in the ancient world which nullifies Ps. 104 is cosmic dualism, which offers a simple explanation for the presence of good and evil.  The answer is that there are two gods, one good and one evil. But the Psalmist will have nothing to do with this kind of polytheism.  

      These are the kinds of things on my mind when I read Ps. 104 and yes, that says something about me.  But they are also a part of our culture: on the one hand, the world is a mixture of good and bad stuff and the best we can do is stay close to the good and avoid the bad. Then along comes Ps. 104 and shocks us with a powerful set of affirmations.  There is one God, not two or many, in constant warfare.  This one God creates the heavens and the earth, things majestic and wonderful and the sorrowful and sad.  There is no attempt to divide the world between good and evil, nor any hint that we are spiritual creatures exiled to planet earth.  Human existence is not to be explained by using two separate categories of spirit and matter, since physical things appear to be enlivened by spiritual power, yet are still made of dust.   You can’t imagine how much religion that excludes.  Then there is the insistence that creation is not a once for all deal, but whatever exists continues to exist only by the power of God.  That certainly is an invitation to some interesting discussions.  And finally, there is a total disregard for placing God on a pedestal beyond this world, free from whatever happens and totally unaffected.  God takes pleasure in the creation and rejoices in it.  Certainly, not all questions are answered, but it is clear that the rich poetry makes multiple claims about God and the world.

      All this brings us to the ending.  Verse 33 proposes that singing is the appropriate response to the God who has created all things, including us.  Singing wakes us up, pierces the heart and elevates us to a higher level.  It is important because when done from the heart it is not utilitarian but offered as a gift to God.  It’s not elevator music.  When needing to praise God, Deborah sang a song, Hannah sang her song and Mary expanded on it.  David is said to have been good at singing to the Lord.   There is no purpose to singing to God except for the praise and love of God.  It reveals one’s heart, which is where your treasure is.

      Then there is the whimsical idea of playing for God all my life.   As far as I know, the Jerusalem Bible stands alone in substituting the word play for the word sing in v. 34.  The word play can refer to playing musical instruments, children playing games or young and old playing in sports.  Even professionals play the games.  Bart Giamatti proposes that play takes on a new and special meaning in the modern world: play is that free and spontaneous activity, striving toward personal fulfillment, in contrast to all the required activities and work, which for so many have become repressive and void of meaning. (Cf. Giamatti, Take Time for Paradise, (New York: Summit; 1989)   Some people work harder at their play because it is free and gives meaning to life.  In such activity the individual or group gives expression to what is truly desired, authentic and fulfilling. Thus play becomes the quintessential expression of one’s self (heart, mind and soul).  This modern use of the word play was certainly not on the mind of the Psalmist, but it may have been on that of the translator.  To play for God is to give to God the free expression of one’s heart. It is done spontaneously without regard to what is required by forces outside oneself. It is to love God.  And to do that all one’s life.  To ask how one can do this all one’s life is already to miss the point. It is to gather together all things in the love of God, so that the varied and wonder filled life created by God is given in praise of the Creator. Such action points to both the Shema: “Hear of Israel: The Lord is your God, the Lord alone.  You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul and with all your might” (Deut. 6: 4-5) and Jesus’ summation of all the commandments by affirming love of God and love of neighbor. (Mark 12: 31).

      Last but not least is the ground breaking affirmation that our reflections give God pleasure, “…as much as Yahweh gives me.” In one simple verse, without much fanfare, the Psalmist excludes the possibility that God is so perfect that God is unaffected by mere human beings.  God, who created all things, takes pleasure in the wonders of the world, knows and grieves our sufferings, and rejoices when we rejoice.  You matter to this God.

      Psalm 104 is like a wakeup call, but one needs some time to comprehend it with heart and mind. This world is not all there is.  We are not alone, forced to find whatever meaning we can in more material things or by abandoning them altogether?  I suspect the writer of this Psalm knew people who lived and worked in a world where God did not matter, or just as scary, never dreamed of finding goodness or meaning in this world. Here is the writer’s response. There is no holding back or fear of unanswered questions.  In our time, when secularism crowds out reference to God, or references to God seem pointless, these words are a great example of middle speech.  Indeed, singing and playing for God might be most appropriate for mean times.